ABSTRACT The research aimed to determine the impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on the media consumption habits among the Peruvian population. It was a simple descriptive study that included a sample of 3618 people between the ages of 18 and 69, residing in Peru. A Likert questionnaire of 36 items measuring 6 dimensions was applied online; the content validity of the instrument was evaluated by 20 experts, and the construct validity and reliability were evaluated in a pilot sample of 200 subjects. The results showed a positive impact of social isolation on media consumption habits (54,4 %), which was higher in the frequency of online media consumption (62.2 %), the usefulness of the media (59.1 %), the need for information about COVID-19 (47.7 %), the interactivity through the media (43.7 %), and the media preference (41.9%); whereas the null impact was predominant in the frequency of offline media consumption (46 %) and in the attitude towards the treatment of information about COVID-19 (48.4 %). It was concluded that the impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on media consumption habits among the studied population was positive, with greater incidence in online media.

RESUMEN La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación de la población peruana. El estudio fue descriptivo simple y contó con una muestra de 3 618 personas de entre 18 y 69 años de edad, residentes en el Perú. Se aplicó en forma online un cuestionario tipo Likert de 36 ítems que midieron 6 dimensiones. La validez de contenido del instrumento fue evaluada por 20 expertos, y la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad fueron evaluadas en una muestra piloto de 200 sujetos. Los resultados evidenciaron un impacto positivo del aislamiento social en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación (54,4 %), que fue más alto en la frecuencia de consumo de los medios de comunicación online (62,2 %); la utilidad de los medios de comunicación (59,1 %); la necesidad de información sobre la COVID-19 (47,7 %); la interactividad a través de los medios de comunicación (43,7%) y la preferencia de los medios comunicación (41,9 %); mientras que el impacto nulo fue preponderante en la frecuencia de consumo de los medios de comunicación offline (46 %) y en la actitud hacia el tratamiento de la información sobre la COVID-19 (48,4 %). Se concluyó que el impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación en la población estudiada fue positivo, con mayor incidencia en los medios online.

Resumen El objetivo fue identificar las características sociales, económicas, culturales y emocionales de las mujeres que permanecen en una relación violenta con su agresor en Jauja. La población fue de 686 y la muestra 148 mujeres víctimas de violencia. El instrumento fue el cuestionario, cuya validez fue 0,72 a 0,99 y para la confiabilidad se utilizó el alfa de Crombach, cuyo resultado fue 0,955. Las características sociales de estas mujeres son: El 34% tiene de 28 a 37 años, 49% posee secundaria, 43% tiene de 3 a 4 hijos, 51% en caso de separarse, viviría en casa de sus familiares. Así mismo dentro de las características económicas el 43%, se dedican al trabajo doméstico, el 37% perciben menos de S/400. En las características culturales, el 74% de los cónyuges imponen autoridad y dentro de las características emocionales, el 43% evitan no separarse de su pareja. Se concluye, que la mayoría de ellas, son jóvenes, su ocupación principal es el trabajo doméstico, aunque algunas trabajan fuera del hogar con ingresos económicos menos de S/400.00 con prevalencia del machismo en su hogar y temor a la ruptura de pareja.

Resumo O objetivo foi identificar as características sociais, econômicas, culturais e emocionais das mulheres que mantêm um relacionamento violento com o agressor em Jauja. A população era de 686 e a amostra de 148 mulheres vítimas de violência. O instrumento foi o questionário, com validade de 0,72 a 0,99 e, para confiabilidade, foi utilizado o alfa de Crombach, cujo resultado foi 0,955. As características sociais dessas mulheres são: 34% têm de 28 a 37 anos, 49% têm ensino médio, 43% têm de 3 a 4 filhos, 51% se separadas, morariam em casa com suas famílias. Também dentro das características econômicas 43%, dedicadas ao trabalho doméstico, 37% recebem menos que S / 400. Nas características culturais, 74% dos cônjuges impõem autoridade e, dentro das características emocionais, 43% evitam não se separar do parceiro. Conclui-se que a maioria é composta por jovens, cuja principal ocupação é o trabalho doméstico, embora alguns trabalhem fora de casa com renda econômica inferior a S / 400,00, com prevalência de machismo em sua casa e medo de desmembramento.

Abstract The objective was to identify the social, economic, cultural and emotional characteristics of women who remain in a violent relationship with their aggressor in Jauja. The population was 686 and the sample 148 women victims of violence. The instrument was the questionnaire, whose validity was 0.72 to 0.99, and for reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha was used, whose result was 0.955. The social characteristics of these women are: 34% are 28 to 37 years old, 49% have just high school education, 43% have 3 to 4 children, 51% if they get separated, would live at home with their relatives. Also within the economic characteristics 43%, are dedicated to domestic work, 37% receive less than S / 400 in earnings. In the cultural characteristics, 74% of the spouses impose authority and within the emotional characteristics, 43% avoid not separating from their partner. It is concluded that most of them are young people, whose main occupation is domestic work, although some work outside the home with economic incomes less than S / 400.00 with a prevalence of machismo in their home and fear of breaking up.

ABSTRACT The practical exercise of the communication sciences demands high levels of advanced social skills; however there is no reference of an instrument that measure the level. The purpose of the study was to construct a scale of advanced social skills for students of communication sciences of the Junín Region of Peru. The descriptive research had like sample 668 students of communication sciences of two universities. The content validity of the instrument was evaluated by expert judgment; the validity of relationships being perfect (V of Aiken = 1) and valid all indicators and items (Student's t> 60%); the construct validity was evaluated with the application in the study sample and the item-total corrected correlation coefficient r of Pearson, all items being valid (> 0.2). The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the construct validity. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated with the results of the application to the study sample and the coefficient of internal consistency alpha of Cronbach, obtaining a very high reliability (0,888); the scale was determined with four levels. The research concluded that the Advanced Social Skills Scale is valid and reliable.

RESUMEN El ejercicio práctico de las ciencias de la comunicación demanda altos niveles de habilidades sociales avanzadas, sin embargo, no hay referencia de un instrumento que las mida; el objetivo del estudio fue construir una escala de habilidades sociales avanzadas para estudiantes de ciencias de la comunicación de la Región Junín de Perú. La investigación descriptiva, tuvo como muestra a 668 estudiantes de ciencias de la comunicación de dos universidades. La validez de contenido del instrumento, se evaluó mediante juicio de expertos; siendo perfecta la validez de relaciones (V de Aiken = 1) y válidos todos indicadores e ítems (de Student > 60%); la validez de constructo se evalúo con la aplicación en la muestra de estudio y el coeficiente de correlación corregida ítem-total de personas, resultando validos todos los ítems (> 0,2); el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio corroboró la validez de constructo. La confiabilidad del instrumento, se evaluó con los resultados de la aplicación a la muestra de estudio y el coeficiente de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach, obteniendo una confiabilidad muy alta (0,888); el baremo se determinó con cuatro niveles. La investigación concluyó que la Escala de Habilidades Sociales Avanzadas es válida y confiable.

The research is a relational analysis of communication strategies and the current problems regarding the management of urban solid waste in the city of Puno. The study has been carried out according to various theoretical approaches that consider social, educational, political and economic changes as key elements to understand the phenomenon of solid waste as a problem of global dimension. The objective is to know the relationship between the use of strategies and the generation of habits related to the segregation of solid waste that have begun to be applied in the program of segregation at the source; its methodology involves the use of the survey translated into a questionnaire addressed to members of the object of study in a random manner. In this way, it is concluded that the information, training and mobilization strategies used in the source segregation and selective solid waste collection program of the Provincial Municipality of Puno-Peru have an important relationship in the formation of established habits. that significantly influence the change of attitude of the population regarding the separation of solid waste and generate habits in the population

La investigación es un análisis relacional sobre las estrategias comunicativas y la problemática actual en cuanto a la gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos en la ciudad de Puno. El estudio se ha realizado atendiendo a diversos enfoques teóricos que consideran los cambios sociales, educativos, políticos y económicos como elementos clave para comprender el fenómeno de los residuos sólidos como un problema de dimensión global. Se precisa como objetivo el conocimiento de la relación existente entre el uso de las estrategias comunicativas y la generación de hábitos relacionadas con la segregación de residuos sólidos que han comenzado a aplicarse en el programa de segregación en la fuente; su metodología implica el empleo de la encuesta traducida en un cuestionario dirigido a integrantes del objeto de estudio de modo aleatorio. De este modo se concluye que las estrategias de información, capacitación y movilización que se utilizan en el programa de segregación en la fuente y recolección selectiva de residuos sólidos de la Municipalidad Provincial de Puno-Perú, tienen una relación importante en la formación de hábitos puesto que influyen de manera significativa en el cambio de actitud de la población en cuanto a la separación de residuos sólidos y generan hábitos en la población

This paper focuses on intellectual capital as a basic factor for the quality of services and satisfaction of users of the Provincial Municipality of Puno in the period 2015 to this human capital is analyzed, the structural capital, capital management and the provision of services to citizens. The importance of the issue is that the lack of a genuine process of national decentralization, the absence of a plan of human capital development in municipalities, insufficient economic resources and bureaucratic local and traditional management a social problem become that often they explode into social conflicts. The methodology used was not experimental quantitative. The technique was structured survey and document review, the instruments used were the questionnaire questions and the sheet document review. Analysis and interpretation of the data obtained is concluded that intellectual capital substantially affects the levels of quality and satisfaction of users.

El presente trabajo trata sobre el capital intelectual como factor elemental para la calidad de servicios y la satisfacción de los usuarios de la Municipalidad Provincial de Puno en el periodo 2015; para ello, se analiza el capital humano, el capital estructural, el capital de gerencia y la prestación de servicios a la ciudadanía. La importancia del tema radica en que la falta de un verdadero proceso de descentralización nacional, la ausencia de un plan de desarrollo del capital humano en las municipalidades, los recursos económicos insuficientes; así como, la gestión municipal burocrática y tradicional se torna un problema social que muchas veces estallan en conflictos sociales. La metodología utilizada fue de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental. La técnica fue la encuesta estructurada y revisión documental, los instrumentos empleados fueron el cuestionario de preguntas y la ficha de revisión documental. Del análisis e interpretación de los datos obtenidos se llega a la conclusión que el capital intelectual incide sustancialmente en los niveles de calidad y en la satisfacción de los usuarios.

Informações relativas a aspectos físicos, como volume (VOL), turbilhonamento (TURB), motilidade (MOT), vigor (VIG) e concentração (CONC), e aspectos morfológicos, como defeitos maiores (DMA) e menores (DME), de 807 coletas de sêmen (CS) de 105 touros da raça Gir selecionados para leite, e suas respectivas medidas de circunferência escrotal (CE), foram utilizadas para estudar os fatores que afetam essas características e suas correlações. Modelos uni e bivariados, que incluíram os efeitos da central de inseminação, do ano e da época da CS ou da medida da CE , da idade à CS ou da medida CE e touro, foram utilizados para avaliar os efeitos destas fontes de variação e as correlações entre as características. Os efeitos da central de inseminação e de touro foram significativos para todas as características. A idade afetou apenas CE, TURB e NEMOV (= VOL x CONC x MOT). As repetibilidades, estimadas pelo modelo univariado, variaram de 0,23, para CONC, a 0,70, para TURB. As correlações fenotípicas estimadas pelos modelos bivariados foram, em geral, no sentido favorável. As correlações de Pearson entre a CE e as demais características variaram de -0,19 a 0,35. As correlações obtidas, em geral no sentido favorável, sugerem que a CE pode ser utilizada como característica de eliminação prévia dos touros que são candidatos à coleta de sêmen.

Data related with semen characteristics such as volume (VOL), gross motility (TURB), motility (MOT), vigor (VIG), concentration (CONC), major defects (DMA) and minor defects (DME) from 807 semen output (CS) of 105 sires of the Gyr breed selected for milk production, and their measurements of scrotal circumference (CE) were used to study factors that affect these traits and the correlations among them. Uni and bivariate animal models that included the fixed effects of AI company, year and season of CS or CE measurement, age at CS or CE measurement, and random animal (bull) effect were used to evaluate the effects of these source of variation and the correlation between those traits. AI company and sire had a significant effect on all traits. Age affected only CE, TURB and NEMOV (= VOL x CONC x MOT). Repetabilities estimated by univariate model ranged from 0.23 for CONC to 0.70 for TURB. In general, phenotypic correlations, estimated by bivariate model were in a favorable direction. Pearson correlation between CE and all other traits ranged from -0.19 to 0.35. The recorded correlations, in general in a favorable direction, suggested that CE could be used as an elimination trait of sire to be pre-selected as a semen donor.

Os registros de produção de leite de 5258 lactações ao primeiro parto, provenientes de vacas puras Gir e mestiças Gir:Holandês, foram utilizados para se avaliar a relação entre a capacidade predita de transmissão (PTA) de um touro e a produção de leite de suas progênies. O modelo animal foi utilizado para se estimarem as PTAs dos touros, considerando-se apenas as filhas puras Gir, apenas as filhas mestiças e todas as filhas ao mesmo tempo. Posteriormente, estimaram-se as regressões e correlações das PTA dos touros, obtidas sob as diferentes alternativas, com as produções de leite de suas filhas puras e/ou mestiças. O coeficiente de regressão estimado das PTAs de 48 touros Gir avaliados com filhas puras sobre a produção de suas filhas mestiças foi de 0,75, enquanto o da regressão das PTAs de 50 touros Gir avaliados com base na produção de filhas mestiças, sobre a produção de suas filhas puras, foi de 1,11. Os coeficientes de correlação entre as PTAs dos touros e a produção de leite de suas filhas, para as diferentes alternativas, variaram de 0,05 a 0,17. As correlações de ordem entre os valores das PTA variaram de 0,34 a 0,94, em que a menor foi observada entre as PTAs com informações das filhas mestiças e as PTAs obtidas com informações das filhas puras, e a maior, entre as PTAs obtidas pela média ponderada das PTAs obtidas com as filhas puras e mestiças com as PTAs obtidas com dados de filhas puras.

Milk production records of 5,258 lactations at first calving from straightbred Gyr and crossbred Gyr:Holstein cows were used to evaluate the relationship between sire predicted transmitting ability (PTA) and the milk production of their progeny. Animal model was used to calculate the PTA using straightbred Gyr daughter only, the crossbred Gyr daughters only and all daughters at the same time. Subsequently, the PTA regressions and correlations of the sires obtained under different alternatives, with the straightbred and, or crossbred daughters production were estimated. The estimated regression coefficient of PTA of 48 Gyr bulls evaluated with straightbred Gyr daughter production on their crossbred daughters milk production was 0.75, while the regression coefficient of PTA of 50 Gyr bulls evaluated on crossbred daughter production on their straightbred daughters production was 1.11. The correlation coefficients between PTA of the sires and daughters milk production for the different alternatives ranged from 0.05 to 0.17. The rank correlation among PTA ranged from 0.34 to 0.94, were the smallest observed between PTA on crossbred daughters and PTA on straightbred Gyr daughters, and the highest, between the PTA observed by the weighed PTA means from straightbred and crossbred daughters with PTA observed with data from straightbred daughters.

RESUMO - Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar as herdabilidades e as correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e de ambiente para produção (T305), altura anterior (ALA) e posterior (ALP) do úbere, comprimento anterior (CAN) e posterior (CPO) das tetas, diâmetro anterior (DAN) e posterior (DPO) das tetas, forma anterior (FA) e posterior (FP) das tetas e forma de ponta de tetas anteriores (FA) e posteriores (FP), por intermédio de um modelo que incluiu os efeitos fixos de ano-estação, rebanho-avaliador, idade à mensuração e efeitos aleatórios de animal (2251 classes), permanente de meio (925 classes) e erro, pelo método de Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita. Produção de leite e características do sistema mamário foram analisadas usando 1804 registros. As estimativas de herdabilidade em análises uni e bivariada foram 0,26 para produção de leite, com variação de 0,09 (FA) a 0,47 (ALA e ALP) para as características do sistema mamário. As estimativas de correlações entre T305, ALA e ALP foram moderadas e negativas (-0,15 a -0,46) e menores (-0,28 a 0,23) para as demais características do úbere. A seleção para aumento da produção de leite levaria a desejáveis respostas correlacionadas em algumas características do sistema mamário, principalmente altura anterior e posterior do úbere (ALA e ALP).

ABSTRACT - The objectives of this work were to estimate the heritabilities, genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations for milk production (T305), front (ALA) and rear (ALP) udder height, front (CAN) and rear (CPO) teat length, front (DAN) and rear (DPO) teat diameter, front (FA) and rear (FP) teat shape, front (PA) and rear (PP) teat point shape by means of an animal model that included the fixed effects of year-season, herd-classifier and age at measurement and the random effects of animal (2,251 classes), environmental permanent effect (925 classes) and error by using multiple-trait REML method. Milk production and udder traits were analyzed using 1,804 records. The heritabilities in single and bivariate analysis were 0.26 for T305 and from 0.09 (FA) to 0.47 (ALA and ALP) for the udder system characteristics. The correlations among T305, ALA e ALP were moderate and negative (-0.15 to -0.46) and lower (-0.28 to 0.23) for the other udder characteristics. Selection for improvement of milk production will lead to a favorable correlated response in some udder characteristics, mainly front and rear udder height (ALA and ALP).